Detailed answer

Air pollution, specifically fine particulate matter (PM2.5), leads to an upregulation of sebum production in the skin. This is due to the pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), penetrating the skin and triggering inflammation. This inflammatory response stimulates the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, resulting in an oilier complexion. Increased oil production can clog pores, leading to acne breakouts, blackheads, and other skin blemishes. Additionally, excessive sebum can disrupt the skin's natural moisture balance, leading to dehydration and potential skin barrier damage. Regular cleansing, using gentle products, and protecting the skin with barrier creams can help mitigate the effects of air pollution on skin oil production.