Detailed answer

Air pollution, specifically the presence of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), can lead to various respiratory and cardiovascular problems which can disrupt sleep and result in poor sleep quality. PM and NO2 irritate the airways, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which can make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. Additionally, air pollution can lead to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, which can further affect sleep by altering the balance of sleep-promoting and wake-promoting substances in the brain. Furthermore, exposure to air pollution during sleep can also contribute to the development or exacerbation of sleep disorders such as sleep apnea. It is important to reduce exposure to air pollution, especially during nighttime, by keeping windows closed, using air purifiers, and maintaining good indoor air quality.