Detailed answer

Dark spots on the skin, also known as hyperpigmentation, are caused by an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This excessive melanin production is often triggered by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, acne, and skin injuries. When the skin is exposed to the sun, it responds by producing more melanin to protect the deeper layers from UV damage, resulting in dark spots. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause, can also lead to increased melanin production, causing dark spots to appear. Additionally, acne breakouts and skin injuries such as cuts, burns, or inflammation can trigger the skin's pigment-producing cells to produce more melanin, resulting in the formation of dark spots. It is important to protect your skin from the sun, maintain a consistent skincare routine, and seek professional advice for effective treatment and prevention of dark spots.