Detailed answer

Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the development of brown or grayish-brown patches on the face. It is primarily caused by hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or when taking hormonal birth control. Hormonal fluctuations can increase the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, leading to melasma. Sun exposure is another significant factor, as ultraviolet (UV) rays can stimulate the production of melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin. UV rays can also exacerbate existing melasma, making it more pronounced. Additionally, genetic factors can contribute to a person's susceptibility to developing melasma. It tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Overall, melasma is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors, and a combination of hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic factors play a role in its development.