Detailed answer

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes brown or gray patches to appear on the face. It is more prevalent in women and individuals with darker skin tones. Melasma is typically attributed to excessive production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin. The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic factors. Treatment options for melasma include topical medications, chemical peels, laser therapy, and sun protection measures. However, melasma can be persistent and may sometimes require long-term management to control its appearance.