Detailed answer

Melasma is a skin condition characterized by the development of symmetrical, brown or grayish-brown patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip. It is a form of hyperpigmentation caused by increased melanin production in the skin. Melasma is often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes like pregnancy or hormonal therapies, and genetic predisposition. It is more common in women and individuals with darker skin tones. Effective treatment options for melasma include topical medications, chemical peels, laser therapy, and sun protection measures.