Detailed answer

Melasma is a form of hyperpigmentation that is believed to be triggered by hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, and genetic factors. It typically appears as symmetrical patches on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, and upper lip. Melasma is more commonly seen in women and can be aggravated by factors such as pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives. Freckles, on the contrary, are small spots of concentrated melanin that are usually genetically determined and more prevalent in fair-skinned individuals. They are not influenced by hormones and tend to fade in the absence of sun exposure. Freckles can appear anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the face, arms, and shoulders. While both melasma and freckles are related to pigmentation irregularities, the underlying causes, appearance, and behavior of these two conditions differ significantly.