Detailed answer

Air pollution, particularly pollutants like particulate matter (PM), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, can have a detrimental effect on hand eczema. These pollutants can penetrate the skin barrier and trigger an inflammatory response, leading to increased redness, itching, and irritation. Exposure to pollutants can also disrupt the skin's natural protective barrier function, making it more susceptible to allergens and irritants. Additionally, air pollution can contain chemical compounds that directly irritate the skin and worsen existing eczema symptoms. Individuals with hand eczema should take extra precautions in polluted environments by keeping their hands clean, moisturized, and protected with gloves when necessary. Regularly washing hands with mild non-drying cleansers and applying a barrier cream can help minimize the impact of air pollution on hand eczema.