Detailed answer

Glycolic acid, as an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), plays a significant role in managing melasma due to its exfoliating properties. It works by gently removing the top layer of dead skin cells, promoting skin cell turnover, and gradually reducing hyperpigmentation caused by melasma. By removing the outer layer of skin, glycolic acid can help to lighten the dark patches associated with melasma. Additionally, glycolic acid enhances the penetration of other skincare products, allowing for better efficacy of melasma-targeting ingredients. However, it is important to use glycolic acid products under the guidance of a skincare professional, as they can cause skin irritation if not properly used or if the concentration is too high. Individual results may vary, and it is recommended to consult with a dermatologist for a personalized skincare plan for managing melasma.