Detailed answer

Melasma is a skin condition characterized by brownish or grayish patches on the face. To manage melasma, it is important to avoid sun exposure as much as possible. Protect your skin by wearing wide-brimmed hats, using sunscreen with a high SPF, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. Harsh exfoliants such as scrubs or brushes can aggravate melasma, so opt for gentle exfoliation methods like chemical exfoliants. Additionally, certain skincare ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, and alpha hydroxy acids may worsen melasma. Consult with a dermatologist to determine which ingredients work best for you. Overall, a gentle and protective skincare routine is key to managing melasma effectively.