Detailed answer

Hyperpigmentation occurs when there is an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our skin. This can be triggered by various factors including sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause), inflammation or injury to the skin, and certain medications. UV radiation from the sun is a major contributor to hyperpigmentation as it stimulates the melanocytes in the skin to produce more melanin. Hormonal changes can also lead to an increase in melanin production, causing conditions like melasma or the darkening of certain areas of the skin during pregnancy. Inflammatory skin conditions or injuries, such as acne or wounds, can trigger the release of inflammatory mediators that stimulate melanocytes, resulting in hyperpigmentation. Certain medications, such as some antibiotics or chemotherapy drugs, can also cause hyperpigmentation as a side effect. It is important to protect the skin from sun exposure, use skincare products with ingredients that help inhibit melanin production (such as hydroquinone or kojic acid), and seek professional treatment options like chemical peels or laser therapy to manage hyperpigmentation.