Detailed answer

Hyperpigmentation refers to areas of skin that become darker than the surrounding skin due to an increase in melanin production. This can be caused by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, inflammation, or skin injuries. On the other hand, hypopigmentation occurs when the skin loses its natural pigmentation, resulting in lighter patches. This can happen due to conditions like vitiligo, certain skin infections, or as a side effect of certain medications. Both hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation can be treated through various methods such as topical creams, laser treatments, chemical peels, or microdermabrasion, depending on the specific cause and severity. It is important to consult with a skincare professional to determine the appropriate treatment based on individual circumstances.