Detailed answer

During pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations can lead to an increase in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This can result in the development or worsening of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma or chloasma. These conditions often appear as dark patches or irregular pigmentation on the face, abdomen, or other parts of the body. The hormone estrogen, in particular, is known to influence melanocyte activity and melanin synthesis. Increased levels of estrogen during pregnancy can stimulate the production of melanin, making women more susceptible to hyperpigmentation. Additionally, exposure to sunlight can further aggravate hyperpigmentation. To manage hyperpigmentation during pregnancy, it is recommended to wear sunscreen with a high SPF, avoid excessive sun exposure, and consult with a dermatologist for specific treatment options that are safe during pregnancy.